For exploration applications, doctrine can be found in guides, papers, or other media for jurist thoughts. Illustration of notable doctrine is definitely the view of J. Satrio, whose guides, papers, and lectures are actually a typical reference for practitioners in the sphere of civil law, and Yahya Harahap, whose writings are already sought as source of clarifications for equally legal and civil procedural legislation. Having said that, it ought to be famous that a lot of the scholarship of J. Satrio and Y. Harahap has long been released possibly in Dutch or Indonesian, and so its accessibility to scientists without the requisite studying means in this sort of languages will likely be limited.

Media massa sangat efektif menggiring opini publik, untuk menghakimi sesuatu yang belum pasti terjadi. Medan perang intelijen ke depan adalah informasi dan pembentukan opini. Penggalangan media dan opini yang intens tanpa mengabaikan kebebasan pers, harus dilakukan secara terpola dan komprehensif. Dalam hal ini kuncinya bukan hanya bereaksi dan melakukan counter

Intelijen digunakan untuk mengontrol aktivitas lawan politik dan tokoh masyarakat yang vokal tanpa aturan hukum yang jelas. Intelijen menjadi aktivitas hitam mengerikan yang meninggalkan sejarah kelam dan traumatik pada bangsa ini.

Reformasi intelijen Indonesia telah menjadi topik yang sangat penting sebagai langkah untuk memperkuat keamanan nasional serta menghadapi tantangan world wide yang semakin kompleks.

Tetapi makna intelijen yang sebenarnya tidak selalu harus negatif, sepanjang kegiatan intelijen diartikan sebagai kegiatan pengumpulan informasi yang digunakan untuk memberikan peringatan dini guna mencegah ancaman terhadap keamanan nasional, maka pada dasarnya kegiatan intelijen adalah suatu kebutuhan bagi setiap warga negara.

Along with the LPNKs, other establishments are shaped by Rules and Presidential Polices as impartial bodies. Theoretically, the distinction between these unbiased bodies and LPNK is The actual fact that they're coordinated underneath a particular ministry and immediately report back to the President, While this will not automatically be the case in observe. These types of overall body may be established through the promulgation of a specific law (e.g., the Countrywide Narcotic Company was formed by advantage of Presidential Decree No. 116 of 1999 on National Narcotic Agency as amended by Presidential Decree No. 17 of 2002) or formed as Section of Law to assist the fundamental policy (e.

[31] Munir Mentioned Thalib is definitely an idealistic human rights activist who defends victims of violations and it is prepared to confront the armed service and police to battle for your rights of those victims. Threats of murder and intimidation to pressure Munir to prevent his pursuits whilst foremost KontraS and Imparsial (The 2 strongest human rights advocacy businesses in Indonesia Established by him) are almost nothing new, including monitoring and attempts to thwart his protection activities performed by elements of the safety forces straight or indirectly.

Discourse about the reactivation of Pam Swakarsa, a condition-sponsored militia, by the Countrywide Police Main. Pam Swakarsa had a dark historical past over the 1998 upheaval to be a civilian device assigned to attack scholar protesters from the streets. Most likely activated to ignite and/or perpetuate horizontal conflict in grassroots communities.

Abstrak Artikel ini menguji kompleksitas seputar kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh Muslim terhadap komunitas Ahmadiyah di Indonesia di era baru demokrasi reformasi. Kekerasan muncul sejak 1998 pasca Suharto ketika beberapa kelompok Muslim seperti Entrance Pembela Islam (FPI), yang mengklaim bahwa Ahmadiyah adalah kelompok yang sesat menurut ortodoksi Islam. Artikel ini mencoba memahami mengapa dan bagaimana Ahmadiyah menjadi target serangan kekerasan oleh beberapa kelompok Muslim di era pasca Suharto dengan meningkatnya kelompok fundametalis Islam setelah menemukan kebebasan baru beragama. Dengan demikian, pertanyaan yang muncul adalah bagaimana faktor politik, ekonomi dan teologi Islam muncul sebagai faktor penting yang mengkontribusi atas serangan kekerasan. Melalui identifikasi studi kasus tertentu penyerangan di kota-kota lintas pulau Jawa dan Lombok, saya juga akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk menemukan solusi yang terbaik dan sejauhmana efektifitas kebijakan tersebut untuk menyelesaikan masalah.

Considering the fact that 1998, many crucial reforms have been introduced and supported by civil Culture, including the constitutional Modification of 1999-2002 as well as the ratification of ICCPR. Right after 1998, CSOs have also entered One more stage of their marriage Together with the point out. Beyond the ‘conventional’ strategy for staying in opposition on the state, some CSOs operate together with certain state institutions, like the Supreme Courtroom and the law enforcement, in conducting institutional reform initiatives.

m. and six p.m. and the sound standard of the audio system should not exceed 60 decibels. Sixty decibels is about as loud like a dialogue in a cafe. Convoys would even be prohibited in demonstrations. CSOs greatly criticized the evaluate. The Governor subsequently said that he manufactured a slip-up from the regulation, precisely that the regulation should not limit demonstration to only These three places, and he would revise it.

A journalist continues to be sent threatening messages right after exposing a network of Net robots spreading Professional-Indonesian propaganda on social media in the course of the unrest from the Papuan provinces.

Namun, tidak semua aktivitas intelijen tersebut terkait dengan kepentingan rezim, melainkan ada juga yang merupakan bagian dari pertarungan kekuasaan atau pun konflik di inside institusi intelijen sendiri.

Dalam sejarah perkembangan bangsa, Indonesia mengalami beberapa kali pendadakan strategis yang dampaknya cukup lethal. Beberapa pendadakan strategis tersebut antara mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut lain: